From 8370fa19f15ef73e3b064d73d9e69b42379906a6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: TriantaTV <gregcraw2001@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 5 Mar 2023 23:13:34 -0600
Subject: [PATCH] Why are the unique pointers annoying to use

---
 include/trees.hpp |  70 ++++++++----
 src/trees.cpp     | 278 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++------
 2 files changed, 298 insertions(+), 50 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/trees.hpp b/include/trees.hpp
index cd22ad4..ff6afee 100644
--- a/include/trees.hpp
+++ b/include/trees.hpp
@@ -1,37 +1,69 @@
 #ifndef TREES_HPP
 #define TREES_HPP
 
+#include <memory>
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
 
 // Namespace for different implementations of trees
 namespace tree_implementation
 {
-    // Base Tree class
-    class Tree
+    // General nodes for Tree
+    struct TreeNode
+    {
+        std::string key;
+        std::string color;
+        std::unique_ptr<TreeNode> leftChild;
+        std::unique_ptr<TreeNode> rightChild;
+        std::unique_ptr<TreeNode> parent;
+        TreeNode(std::string word);
+        ~TreeNode(void);
+        TreeNode(const TreeNode& rhs);
+        TreeNode& operator=(const TreeNode& rhs);
+    };
+
+    // General list for Tree
+    class TreeList
     {
     public:
-        Tree(void);
-        void Insert(void);
-        void Search(void);
-        void InOrderTreeTraversal(void);
+        std::unique_ptr<TreeNode> head;
+        TreeList(void);
+        void InsertAtStart(std::string word);
+        void InsertAtEnd(std::string word);
+        void InsertAtPosition(std::string word);
+        void Remove(std::string word);
+        void Print(void);
     protected:
-        virtual void PrintParentKey(std::string key) = 0;
-        virtual void PrintLeftChild(std::string key) = 0;
-        virtual void PrintRightChild(std::string key) = 0;
-        virtual void PrintPathToRoot(std::string key) = 0;
+        ;
     private:
         ;
     };
 
-    // Binary Search Tree operations
-    // TODO: Implement BST
-    class BinarySearchTree : public Tree
+    // Base Tree class
+    class TreeInterface
     {
     public:
+        TreeList tree;
+        TreeInterface(void);
+        TreeNode* Search(std::string wordToFind);
+        bool IsSearchSuccessful(std::unique_ptr<TreeNode> foundNode);
+        void InOrderTreeTraversal(std::unique_ptr<TreeNode> viewedNode);
         void PrintParentKey(std::string key);
         void PrintLeftChild(std::string key);
         void PrintRightChild(std::string key);
+    protected:
+        virtual void Insert(std::unique_ptr<TreeNode> z);
+        virtual void PrintPathToRoot(std::string key) = 0;
+    private:
+        TreeNode* Insert(std::unique_ptr<TreeNode> root, std::unique_ptr<TreeNode> newNode);
+        TreeNode* Search(std::unique_ptr<TreeNode> viewedNode, std::string wordToFind);
+    };
+
+    // Binary Search Tree operations
+    class BinarySearchTree : public TreeInterface
+    {
+    public:
+        void Insert(std::string keyToInsert);
         void PrintPathToRoot(std::string key);
     protected:
         ;
@@ -40,13 +72,10 @@ namespace tree_implementation
     };
 
     // Red-Black Tree operations
-    // TODO: Implement Red-black tree
-    class RedBlackTree : public Tree
+    class RedBlackTree : public TreeInterface
     {
     public:
-        void PrintParentKey(std::string key);
-        void PrintLeftChild(std::string key);
-        void PrintRightChild(std::string key);
+        void Insert(std::string keyToInsert);
         void PrintPathToRoot(std::string key);
         void PrintColor(std::string key);
         void PrintParentColor(std::string key);
@@ -54,7 +83,10 @@ namespace tree_implementation
     protected:
         ;
     private:
-        ;
+        void InsertFixup(std::unique_ptr<TreeNode> z);
+        std::unique_ptr<TreeNode> GetUncleNode(std::unique_ptr<TreeNode> startNode);
+        void LeftRotate(std::unique_ptr<TreeNode> x);
+        void RightRotate(std::unique_ptr<TreeNode> x);
     };
 }
 
diff --git a/src/trees.cpp b/src/trees.cpp
index 7b2f837..0d401a5 100644
--- a/src/trees.cpp
+++ b/src/trees.cpp
@@ -1,81 +1,297 @@
 #include "trees.hpp"
+#include <iostream>
+#include <memory>
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
 
 namespace tree_implementation
 {
-    Tree::Tree(void)
+
+    TreeNode::TreeNode(std::string word)
     {
-        ;
+        key = word;
+        color = "red";
+        leftChild = nullptr;
+        rightChild = nullptr;
+        this->parent = nullptr;
+        return;
     }
 
-    void Tree::Insert(void)
+    TreeNode::~TreeNode(void)
     {
-        ;
+        return;
+    }
+    
+    TreeNode::TreeNode(const TreeNode& rhs)
+    {
+        key = rhs.key;
+        color = rhs.color;
+        return;
     }
 
-    void Tree::Search(void)
+    TreeNode& TreeNode::operator=(const TreeNode& rhs)
     {
-        ;
+        key = rhs.key;
+        color = rhs.color;
+        return *this;
     }
 
-    void Tree::InOrderTreeTraversal(void)
+
+    TreeList::TreeList(void)
     {
-        ;
+        head = nullptr;
+        return;
     }
 
-    void BinarySearchTree::PrintParentKey(std::string key)
+    TreeInterface::TreeInterface(void)
     {
-        ;
+        return;
     }
 
-    void BinarySearchTree::PrintLeftChild(std::string key)
+    // Inserts a node into a BST
+    void TreeInterface::Insert(std::unique_ptr<TreeNode> z)
     {
-        ;
+        std::unique_ptr<TreeNode> y(nullptr);
+        std::unique_ptr<TreeNode> x(tree.head.release());
+        while (x)
+        {
+            y = x.release();
+            if (z->key < x->key)
+                x = x->leftChild.release();
+            else
+                x = x->rightChild.release();
+        }
+        z->parent = y.release();
+        if (!y)
+            tree.head = z.release();
+        else if (z->key < y->key)
+            y->leftChild = z.release();
+        else
+            y->rightChild = z.release();
+        return;
     }
 
-    void BinarySearchTree::PrintRightChild(std::string key)
+    // Searches for the given word in a tree
+    TreeNode* TreeInterface::Search(std::string wordToFind)
     {
-        ;
+        return _Search(tree.head, wordToFind);
     }
 
+    bool IsSearchSuccessful(std::unique_ptr<TreeNode> foundNode)
+    {
+        if (foundNode)
+            return true;
+        std::cout << "No node found with key '" << foundNode->key << "'\n";
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // Prints tree while traversing it
+    void TreeInterface::InOrderTreeTraversal(std::unique_ptr<TreeNode> viewedNode)
+    {
+        if (viewedNode)
+            InOrderTreeTraversal(viewedNode->leftChild);
+            std::cout << viewedNode.key << '\n';
+            InOrderTreeTraversal(viewedNode->rightChild);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Prints the given word's parent's word if found
+    void TreeInterface::PrintParentKey(std::string key)
+    {
+        std::unique_ptr<TreeNode> foundNode = std::move(Search(key));
+        if (!IsSearchSuccessful(foundNode)) return;
+        std::cout << "The parent's word is " << foundNode->parent->key << '\n';
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Prints the given word's left child's word if found
+    void TreeInterface::PrintLeftChild(std::string key)
+    {
+        std::unique_ptr<TreeNode> foundNode = std::move(Search(key));
+        if (!IsSearchSuccessful(foundNode)) return;
+        std::cout << "The left child's word is " << foundNode->leftChild->key << '\n';
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Prints the given word's right child's word if found
+    void TreeInterface::PrintRightChild(std::string key)
+    {
+        std::unique_ptr<TreeNode> foundNode = std::move(Search(key));
+        if (!IsSearchSuccessful(foundNode)) return;
+        std::cout << "The right child's word is " << foundNode->rightChild->key << '\n';
+        return;
+    }
+    
+    // Recursive insertion function for Insert()
+    TreeNode* TreeInterface::Insert(std::unique_ptr<TreeNode> root, std::unique_ptr<TreeNode> newNode)
+    {
+        if (!tree.head)
+            return newNode.release();
+        if (newNode->key < root->key)
+        {
+            root->leftChild = _Insert(root->leftChild, newNode);
+            root->leftChild->parent = root.release();
+        } else if (newNode->key > root->key) {
+            root->rightChild = _Insert(root->rightChild, newNode);
+            root->rightChild->parent = root.release();
+        }
+        return root.release();
+    }
+
+    // Recursive search function for Search()
+    TreeNode* TreeInterface::Search(std::unique_ptr<TreeNode> viewedNode, std::string wordToFind)
+    {
+        if ((!viewedNode) || (wordToFind == viewedNode->key))
+            return viewedNode.release();
+        if (wordToFind < viewedNode->key)
+            return _Search(viewedNode->leftChild, wordToFind);
+        return _Search(viewedNode->rightChild, wordToFind);
+    }
+
+    // Insert a node into a BST
+    void RedBlackTree::Insert(std::string keyToInsert)
+    {
+        std::unique_ptr<TreeNode> newNode = new TreeNode(keyToInsert);
+        TreeInterface::Insert(newNode);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Prints the path to root in a BST
+    // TODO: Implement printing path to root for BST
     void BinarySearchTree::PrintPathToRoot(std::string key)
     {
-        ;
+        std::unique_ptr<TreeNode> selectedNode = std::move(Search(key));
+        if (!IsSearchSuccessful(selectedNode)) return;
+        int timesPrintedOnLine = 0;
+        std::cout << "Path:\n" << selectedNode->key;
+        do
+        {
+            selectedNode = selectedNode->parent;
+            std::cout << " -> " << selectedNode->parent->key;
+            if (timesPrintedOnLine < 10) ++timesPrintedOnLine;
+            else std::cout << "\n";
+        } while (selectedNode->parent);
+        
+        return;
     }
 
-    void RedBlackTree::PrintParentKey(std::string key)
+    // Insert a node into a RBT
+    void RedBlackTree::Insert(std::string keyToInsert)
     {
-        ;
-    }
-
-    void RedBlackTree::PrintLeftChild(std::string key)
-    {
-        ;
-    }
-
-    void RedBlackTree::PrintRightChild(std::string key)
-    {
-        ;
+        std::unique_ptr<TreeNode> newNode = new TreeNode(keyToInsert);
+        TreeInterface::Insert(newNode);
+        InsertFixup(newNode);
+        return;
     }
 
+    // Print path to root in RBT
+    // TODO: Implement printing path to root for RBT
     void RedBlackTree::PrintPathToRoot(std::string key)
     {
-        ;
+        return;
     }
 
+    // Print color of word if found in RBT
     void RedBlackTree::PrintColor(std::string key)
     {
-        ;
+        std::unique_ptr<TreeNode> foundNode = std::move(Search(key));
+        if (!IsSearchSuccessful(foundNode)) return;
+        std::cout << "The color is " << foundNode->color << '\n';
+        return;
     }
 
+    // Print color of word's parent if found in RBT
     void RedBlackTree::PrintParentColor(std::string key)
     {
-        ;
+        std::unique_ptr<TreeNode> foundNode = std::move(Search(key));
+        if (!IsSearchSuccessful(foundNode)) return;
+        std::cout << "The color is " << foundNode->parent->color << '\n';
+        return;
     }
 
+    // Print color of word's uncle if found in RBT
     void RedBlackTree::PrintUncleColor(std::string key)
     {
-        ;
+        std::unique_ptr<TreeNode> foundNode = std::move(Search(key));
+        if (!IsSearchSuccessful(foundNode)) return;
+        std::cout << "The color is " << GetUncleNode(foundNode)->color << '\n';
+        return;
+    }
+
+    void RedBlackTree::InsertFixup(std::unique_ptr<TreeNode> z)
+    {
+        std::unique_ptr<TreeNode> y;
+        while (z->parent->color == "red")
+        {
+            if (z->parent == z->parent->parent->leftChild)
+            {
+                y = std::move(z->parent->parent->rightChild);
+                if (y->color == "red")
+                {
+                    z->parent->color = "black";
+                    y->color = "black";
+                    z->parent->parent->color = "red";
+                    z = std::move(z->parent->parent);
+                } else if (z == z->parent->rightChild) {
+                    z = std::move(z->parent);
+                    LeftRotate(z);
+                    z->parent->color = "black";
+                    z->parent->parent->color = "red";
+                    RightRotate(z->parent->parent);
+                }
+            } else {
+                // same as then clause with "right" and "left" exchanged
+                // TODO: Add else statement
+                ;
+            }
+        }
+        tree.head->color = "black";
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Returns the uncle node in RBT
+    std::unique_ptr<TreeNode> RedBlackTree::GetUncleNode(std::unique_ptr<TreeNode> startNode)
+    {
+        if (startNode->parent == startNode->parent->parent->leftChild)
+            return std::move(startNode->parent->parent->rightChild);
+        return std::move(startNode->parent->parent->leftChild);
+    }
+
+    // Performs left rotate on a given node
+    void RedBlackTree::LeftRotate(std::unique_ptr<TreeNode> x)
+    {
+        std::unique_ptr<TreeNode> y(std::move(x->rightChild));
+        x->rightChild = std::move(y->leftChild);
+        if (y->rightChild)
+            y->rightChild->parent = std::move(x);
+        y->parent = std::move(x->parent);
+        if (!x->parent)
+            tree.head = std::move(y);
+        else if (x == x->parent->leftChild)
+            x->parent->leftChild = std::move(y);
+        else
+            x->parent->rightChild = std::move(y);
+        y->leftChild = std::move(x);
+        x->parent = std::move(y);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Performs right rotate on a given node
+    void RedBlackTree::RightRotate(std::unique_ptr<TreeNode> x)
+    {
+        std::unique_ptr<TreeNode> y(std::move(x->rightChild));
+        x->rightChild = std::move(y->leftChild);
+        if (y->leftChild)
+            y->leftChild->parent = std::move(x);
+        y->parent = std::move(x->parent);
+        if (!x->parent)
+            tree.head = std::move(y);
+        else if (x == x->parent->leftChild)
+            x->parent->leftChild = std::move(y);
+        else
+            x->parent->rightChild = std::move(y);
+        y->leftChild = std::move(x);
+        x->parent = std::move(y);
+        return;
     }
 }
\ No newline at end of file