.gitignore

@@ -49,3 +49,4 @@ build
 
 # Extras
 .vs*
+.cache

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ project(
     snakeplusplus
     LANGUAGES CXX)
 
-set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 11 CACHE STRING "The C++ standard to use")
+set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 23 CACHE STRING "The C++ standard to use")
 set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED ON)
 set(CMAKE_CXX_EXTENSIONS OFF)
 set(EXECUTABLE_OUTPUT_PATH ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/bin)

src/botinterface.cpp

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #include "botinterface.hpp"
 #include "common.hpp"
+#include "gamestate.hpp"
 #include <array>
 #include <cstdlib>
 #include <iostream>
@@ -7,8 +8,6 @@
 #include <stdexcept>
 #include <SFML/System/Vector2.hpp>
 
-namespace snakeplusplus
-{
 PlayerDirection lastKnownDirection = kNone;
 
 AISnake::AISnake() {
@@ -18,8 +17,10 @@ namespace snakeplusplus
 PlayerDirection AISnake::GetInput(const sf::Vector2f* source)
 {
     sf::Vector2f directionDelta;
-        if (*source == path.top()) { path.pop(); }
+    if (!source)
-        if (path.empty()) { return kUp; } // Snake is trapped
+        return kUp;
+    while (*source == path.top() && !path.empty()) { path.pop(); }
+    if (path.empty()) { path.push(GetAnyOpenPath(*source)); }
     directionDelta = *source - path.top();
     path.pop();
     if ((directionDelta.y == 1)
@@ -48,53 +49,55 @@ namespace snakeplusplus
     probabilityBFS += amount;
     if (probabilityBFS > 1.0) { probabilityBFS = 1.0; }
     if (probabilityBFS < 0.0) { probabilityBFS = 0.0; }
-        std::cout << "[Info - AISnake] New BFS probability: " << probabilityBFS << std::endl;
     return;
 }
 
+void AISnake::AddIteration(const int size)
+{
+    if (size > 40) 
+    {
+        UpdateAverage(size);
+        double adjustmentAmount = 0.002;
+        if (average > size) { AdjustProbability(adjustmentAmount); }
+        else { AdjustProbability(-adjustmentAmount); }
+    }
+    std::cout << "[LOG - AI] Current average: " << average << std::endl;
+    std::cout << "[LOG - AI] Previous iteration size: " << size << std::endl;
+}
+
+void AISnake::ResetPath(void) {
+    while (!path.empty()) { path.pop(); }
+}
+
 // Gets a new path for the bot to follow
 // Uses DFS algorithm
-    void AISnake::GetNewPath(const std::vector< std::vector<char> >& gameBoard, const sf::Vector2f& source, const sf::Vector2f& boundaries, const int snakeSize)
+void AISnake::GetNewPath(const sf::Vector2f& source)
 {
     // Search for food
-        /*
-        BFS(gameBoard, source, boundaries);
-        if (gameBoard[botPathUnsanitized.top().y][botPathUnsanitized.top().x] != 'X') {
-            while (!botPathUnsanitized.empty()) { botPathUnsanitized.pop(); }
-            DFS(gameBoard, source, boundaries);
-            while (botPathUnsanitized.size() > 15) { botPathUnsanitized.pop(); }
-        }
-        */
     // Probability-based approach for fun
     double roll = ((double) GenerateRandomNumber(RAND_MAX)) / ((double) RAND_MAX);
-        if (roll <= probabilityBFS) { BFS(gameBoard, source, boundaries); } 
+    if (roll <= probabilityBFS) { BFS(source); } 
-        else { DFS(gameBoard, source, boundaries); }
+    else { DFS(source); }
-        // Create path for food
+    UnvisitBoard();
-        path.push(botPathUnsanitized.top());
+    if (pathFailed) {
-        botPathUnsanitized.pop();
+        pathFailed = false;
-        while (!botPathUnsanitized.empty()) {
+        EmptyPath();
-            sf::Vector2f deltaVector = botPathUnsanitized.top() - path.top();
+        path.push(GetAnyOpenPath(source));
-            int delta = abs(deltaVector.x) + abs(deltaVector.y);
+    } else {
-            if (delta == 1) {
+        TrimPath();
-                path.push(botPathUnsanitized.top());
+        if (path.empty())
-            }
+            path.push(GetAnyOpenPath(source));
-            botPathUnsanitized.pop();
     }
 }
 
-    void AISnake::BFS(const std::vector< std::vector<char> >& gameBoard, const sf::Vector2f& source, const sf::Vector2f& boundaries) {
+void AISnake::BFS(const sf::Vector2f& source) {
     std::queue<sf::Vector2f> search;
-        std::vector<std::vector<bool>> visited(boundaries.y, std::vector<bool> (boundaries.x, false));
-        bool foodFound = false;
     search.push(source);
     while (!search.empty()) {
         sf::Vector2f currentLocation = search.front();
         search.pop();
-            if (foodFound) { break; }
+        if (g_pEngine->gameBoard.at(currentLocation.y).at(currentLocation.x).m_bVisited)
-            if (visited.at(currentLocation.y).at(currentLocation.x)) { continue; }
+            continue;
-            if (gameBoard.at(currentLocation.y).at(currentLocation.x) == 'X') {
-                foodFound = true;
-            }
         botPathUnsanitized.push(currentLocation);
         std::array<sf::Vector2f, 4> localLocations;
         localLocations.fill(currentLocation);
@@ -102,77 +105,120 @@ namespace snakeplusplus
         localLocations[1].x += 1;
         localLocations[2].y -= 1;
         localLocations[3].x -= 1;
-            for (auto i : localLocations) { 
+        for (sf::Vector2f nearby : localLocations) {
             try {
-                    if (gameBoard.at(i.y).at(i.x) == 'X') {
+                GameSpace* space = &g_pEngine->gameBoard.at(nearby.y).at(nearby.x);
-                        botPathUnsanitized.push(i);
+                if (space->m_bFood) {
-                        foodFound = true;
+                    botPathUnsanitized.push(nearby);
+                    return;
                 }
+                if (nearby.x < 1 || nearby.y < 1)
+                    continue;
+                if (space->m_bVisited)
+                    continue;
+                if (space->m_bSnake)
+                    continue;
+                search.push(nearby);
             } catch (const std::out_of_range& error) {
                 continue; // Out of bounds
             }
         }
-            for (sf::Vector2f newLocation : localLocations) {
+        g_pEngine->gameBoard.at(currentLocation.y).at(currentLocation.x).m_bVisited = true;
-                try {
-                    if ((!visited.at(newLocation.y).at(newLocation.x))
-                            && (gameBoard.at(newLocation.y).at(newLocation.x) == ' ')) {
-                        search.push(newLocation);
-                    }
-                } catch (const std::out_of_range& error) {
-                    continue; // Out of bounds
-                }
-            }
-            visited.at(currentLocation.y).at(currentLocation.x) = true;
     }
+    pathFailed = true;
 }
 
-    void AISnake::DFS(const std::vector< std::vector<char> >& gameBoard, const sf::Vector2f& source, const sf::Vector2f& boundaries) {
+void AISnake::DFS(const sf::Vector2f& source) {
     std::stack<sf::Vector2f> search;
-        std::vector<std::vector<bool>> visited(boundaries.y, std::vector<bool> (boundaries.x, false));
-        bool foodFound = false;
     search.push(source);
     while (!search.empty()) {
         sf::Vector2f currentLocation = search.top();
         search.pop();
-            if (foodFound) { break; }
+        if (g_pEngine->gameBoard.at(currentLocation.y).at(currentLocation.x).m_bVisited)
-            if (visited.at(currentLocation.y).at(currentLocation.x)) { continue; }
+            continue;
-            if (gameBoard.at(currentLocation.y).at(currentLocation.x) == 'X') {
-                foodFound = true;
-            }
         botPathUnsanitized.push(currentLocation);
         std::array<sf::Vector2f, 4> localLocations;
         localLocations.fill(currentLocation);
-            localLocations[0].y += 1;
+        localLocations.at(0).y += 1;
-            localLocations[1].x += 1;
+        localLocations.at(1).x += 1;
-            localLocations[2].y -= 1;
+        localLocations.at(2).y -= 1;
-            localLocations[3].x -= 1;
+        localLocations.at(3).x -= 1;
-            for (auto i : localLocations) { 
+        for (sf::Vector2f nearby : localLocations) {
             try {
-                    if (gameBoard.at(i.y).at(i.x) == 'X') {
+                GameSpace* space = &g_pEngine->gameBoard.at(nearby.y).at(nearby.x);
-                        botPathUnsanitized.push(i);
+                if (space->m_bFood) {
-                        foodFound = true;
+                    botPathUnsanitized.push(nearby);
+                    return;
                 }
-                } catch (const std::out_of_range& error) {
+                if (nearby.x < 1 || nearby.x > g_pEngine->GetGameBoundaries().x - 2)
-                    continue; // Out of bounds
-                }
-            }
-            for (sf::Vector2f newLocation : localLocations) {
-                try {
-                    if (newLocation.x < 1 || newLocation.y < 1 
-                            || newLocation.x > boundaries.x - 2 
-                            || newLocation.y > boundaries.y - 2) {
                     continue;
-
+                if (space->m_bVisited)
-                    }
+                    continue;
-                    if ((!visited.at(newLocation.y).at(newLocation.x))
+                if (space->m_bSnake)
-                            && (gameBoard.at(newLocation.y).at(newLocation.x) == ' ')) {
+                    continue;
-                        search.push(newLocation);
+                search.push(nearby);
-                    }
             } catch (const std::out_of_range& error) {
                 continue; // Out of bounds
             }
         }
-            visited.at(currentLocation.y).at(currentLocation.x) = true;
+        g_pEngine->gameBoard.at(currentLocation.y).at(currentLocation.x).m_bVisited = true;
+    }
+    pathFailed = true;
+}
+
+sf::Vector2f AISnake::GetAnyOpenPath(const sf::Vector2f& source) {
+    sf::Vector2f bail;
+    std::array<sf::Vector2f, 4> paths;
+    paths.fill(source);
+    paths[0].x -= 1;
+    paths[1].x += 1;
+    paths[2].y -= 1;
+    paths[3].y += 1;
+
+    for (auto path : paths) {
+        try {
+            bail = path;
+            if (g_pEngine->gameBoard.at(path.y).at(path.x).m_bSnake)
+                continue;
+            return path;
+        } catch (const std::out_of_range& error) {
+            continue; // Out of bounds
         }
     }
+
+    return bail; // Snake is trapped, give up and die
+}
+
+void AISnake::UnvisitBoard(void) {
+    for (std::vector<GameSpace>& i : g_pEngine->gameBoard)
+        for (GameSpace& j : i)
+            j.m_bVisited = false;
+}
+
+void AISnake::UpdateAverage(const int size) {
+    totalLength += size;
+    amountPlayed += 1;
+    average = (double)totalLength / amountPlayed;
+}
+
+void AISnake::TrimPath(void) {
+    bool reachedSnake = false;
+    path.push(botPathUnsanitized.top()); // Push food location
+    while (!botPathUnsanitized.empty()) {
+        if (!reachedSnake) {
+            sf::Vector2f location = botPathUnsanitized.top();
+            if (g_pEngine->gameBoard[location.y][location.x].m_bSnake)
+                reachedSnake = true;
+            sf::Vector2f deltaVector = location - path.top();
+            int delta = abs(deltaVector.x) + abs(deltaVector.y);
+            if (delta == 1)
+                path.push(location);
+        }
+        botPathUnsanitized.pop();
+    }
+}
+
+void AISnake::EmptyPath(void) {
+    while (!botPathUnsanitized.empty())
+        botPathUnsanitized.pop();
 }

src/botinterface.hpp

@@ -3,25 +3,32 @@
 
 #include "common.hpp"
 #include <stack>
-#include <vector>
 #include <SFML/System/Vector2.hpp>
 
-namespace snakeplusplus
-{
 class AISnake {
 public:
     std::stack<sf::Vector2f> path;
     AISnake();
-        void GetNewPath(const std::vector< std::vector<char> >& gameBoard, const sf::Vector2f& source, const sf::Vector2f& boundaries, const int snakeSize);
+    void GetNewPath(const sf::Vector2f& source);
     PlayerDirection GetInput(const sf::Vector2f* source);
     void UpdateProbability(int snakeSize);
     void AdjustProbability(double amount);
+    void AddIteration(const int size);
+    void ResetPath(void);
+    int amountPlayed = 0;
 private:
-        double probabilityBFS = 0.500;
+    int totalLength = 0;
+    double average = 0;
+    double probabilityBFS = 0.800;
+    bool pathFailed = false;
     std::stack<sf::Vector2f> botPathUnsanitized;
-        void BFS(const std::vector< std::vector<char> >& gameBoard, const sf::Vector2f& source, const sf::Vector2f& boundaries);
+    void BFS(const sf::Vector2f& source);
-        void DFS(const std::vector< std::vector<char> >& gameBoard, const sf::Vector2f& source, const sf::Vector2f& boundaries);
+    void DFS(const sf::Vector2f& source);
+    sf::Vector2f GetAnyOpenPath(const sf::Vector2f& source);
+    void UnvisitBoard(void);
+    void UpdateAverage(const int size);
+    void TrimPath(void);
+    void EmptyPath(void);
 };
-}
 
 #endif 

src/common.cpp

@@ -2,8 +2,6 @@
 #include <random>
 #include "common.hpp"
 
-namespace snakeplusplus
-{
 std::default_random_engine generator;
 void InitializeGenerator(void)
 {
@@ -15,7 +13,16 @@ namespace snakeplusplus
 {
     int generatedNumber;
     std::uniform_int_distribution<> distribution(0, generationLimit - 1);
-        generatedNumber = distribution(snakeplusplus::generator);
+    generatedNumber = distribution(generator);
     return generatedNumber;
 }
+
+GameSpace::GameSpace(void) {
+    Reset();
+}
+
+void GameSpace::Reset(void) {
+    m_bFood = 0;
+    m_bSnake = 0;
+    m_bVisited = 0;
 }

src/common.hpp

@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 #ifndef COMMON_HPP
 #define COMMON_HPP
 
-namespace snakeplusplus
-{
 void InitializeGenerator(void);
 int GenerateRandomNumber(int generationLimit);
 
@@ -15,6 +13,17 @@ namespace snakeplusplus
     kRight = 4
 };
 
-}
+struct GameSpace {
+    GameSpace();
+    unsigned char m_bFood : 1 = 0;
+    unsigned char m_bSnake : 1 = 0;
+    unsigned char m_bVisited : 1 = 0; // Used for BFS/DFS
+    unsigned char _3 : 1 = 0;
+    unsigned char _4 : 1 = 0;
+    unsigned char _5 : 1 = 0;
+    unsigned char _6 : 1 = 0;
+    unsigned char _7 : 1 = 0;
+    void Reset(void);
+};
 
 #endif

src/gamestate.cpp

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 // GameState.cpp
-#include <iostream>
 #include <stdexcept>
 #include <SFML/Graphics.hpp>
 #include "botinterface.hpp"
@@ -7,8 +6,6 @@
 #include "playerinterface.hpp"
 #include "gamestate.hpp"
 
-namespace snakeplusplus
-{
 GameEngine::GameEngine()
 {
     InitializeGenerator();
@@ -18,6 +15,7 @@ namespace snakeplusplus
 void GameEngine::Start()
 {
     PrepareGameBoard();
+    if (!state.m_bNoDisplay)
         graphics.StartGameWindow();
     Loop();
     return;
@@ -25,41 +23,33 @@ namespace snakeplusplus
 
 void GameEngine::Reset()
 {
-        AddIteration();
+    if (!state.m_bIsBotControlled)
+        graphics.CheckContinue();
+    else
+        bot.AddIteration(player.body.size());
     player.Reset();
-        if (isBotControlled) { while (!bot.path.empty()) { bot.path.pop(); } }
     PrepareGameBoard();
-        isGameOver = false;
+    state.m_bIsGameOver = false;
-        graphics.SetShowGame((amountPlayed + 1) % 50 == 0);
+    if (state.m_bIsBotControlled) {
-        return;
+        while (!bot.path.empty())
+            bot.path.pop();
+        if (state.m_bNoDisplay)
+            graphics.SetShowGame(false);
+        graphics.SetShowGame((bot.amountPlayed + 1) % 50 == 0);
     }
-
-    void GameEngine::AddIteration(void) 
-    {
-        graphics.CheckContinue(isBotControlled);
-        if (player.body.size() > 40) 
-        {
-            UpdateAverage();
-            double adjustmentAmount = 0.002;
-            if (average > player.body.size()) { bot.AdjustProbability(adjustmentAmount); }
-            else { bot.AdjustProbability(-adjustmentAmount); }
-        }
-        std::cout << "[Info - GameEngine] Current average: " << average << std::endl;
-        std::cout << "[Info - GameEngine] Previous iteration size: " << player.body.size() << std::endl;
-
 }
 
 void GameEngine::Loop(void)
 {
     int currentScore = 0;
-        while (graphics.IsOpen())
+    while (graphics.IsOpen() || state.m_bNoDisplay)
     {
-            if (isGameOver) { Reset(); }
+        if (state.m_bIsGameOver) { Reset(); }
         UpdatePlayerSpeed();
         PlaceNewSnakePart(MovePlayer());
         RegenerateFood();
         currentScore = player.body.size() * 100;
-            //bot.UpdateProbability(player.body.size());
+        if (!state.m_bNoDisplay)
             graphics.DisplayGameState(gameBoard, currentScore);
     }
     return;
@@ -79,17 +69,22 @@ namespace snakeplusplus
 void GameEngine::PlaceNewSnakePart(sf::Vector2f location) {
     if (!player.speed.x && !player.speed.y) { return; }
     try {
-            char* locationState = &gameBoard.at(location.y).at(location.x);
+        GameSpace* locationState = &gameBoard.at(location.y).at(location.x);
-            if (*locationState == 'O' && (player.body.size() > 1)) {
+        if (locationState->m_bSnake && (player.body.size() > 1)) {
-                isGameOver = true; // Game should end (Snake touching snake)
+            state.m_bIsGameOver = true; // Game should end (Snake touching snake)
         }
-            *locationState = 'O';
+        locationState->m_bSnake = true;
         player.body.push(locationState);
         player.headLocation = location;
         if (playerFood.location != location)
             player.Pop();
+        else {
+            locationState->m_bFood = false;
+            if (state.m_bIsBotControlled)
+                bot.ResetPath();
+        }
     } catch (const std::out_of_range& error) {
-            isGameOver = true; // Snake ran into edge
+        state.m_bIsGameOver = true; // Snake ran into edge
     }
     return;
 }
@@ -99,12 +94,12 @@ namespace snakeplusplus
 void GameEngine::RegenerateFood()
 {
     // Generate a new food location if the current one is occupied
-        while (gameBoard.at(playerFood.location.y).at(playerFood.location.x) == 'O') {
+    while (gameBoard.at(playerFood.location.y).at(playerFood.location.x).m_bSnake) {
         playerFood.GenerateNewFood(GetGameBoundaries());
     }
 
     // Update the game board with the new food location
-        gameBoard.at(playerFood.location.y).at(playerFood.location.x) = 'X';
+    gameBoard.at(playerFood.location.y).at(playerFood.location.x).m_bFood = 1;
 }
 
 
@@ -112,27 +107,27 @@ namespace snakeplusplus
 {
     gameBoard.clear();
     sf::Vector2f boardDimensions = GetGameBoundaries();
-        gameBoard.resize(boardDimensions.y, std::vector<char> (boardDimensions.x, ' '));
+    gameBoard.resize(boardDimensions.y, std::vector<GameSpace>(boardDimensions.x));
     // Snake setup
     player.headLocation.x = GenerateRandomNumber(boardDimensions.x);
     player.headLocation.y = GenerateRandomNumber(boardDimensions.y);
     {
-            char* locationState = &gameBoard.at(player.headLocation.y).at(player.headLocation.x);
+        GameSpace* locationState = &gameBoard.at(player.headLocation.y).at(player.headLocation.x);
         player.body.push(locationState);
-            *locationState = 'O';
+        locationState->m_bSnake = true;
     }
     // Food setup
     playerFood.GenerateNewFood(boardDimensions);
-        gameBoard.at(playerFood.location.y).at(playerFood.location.x) = 'X';
+    gameBoard.at(playerFood.location.y).at(playerFood.location.x).m_bFood = true;
     return;
 }
 
 void GameEngine::UpdatePlayerSpeed(void)
 {
     PlayerDirection controller;
-        if (isBotControlled) { 
+    if (state.m_bIsBotControlled) { 
         if (bot.path.empty()) { 
-                bot.GetNewPath(gameBoard, player.headLocation, GetGameBoundaries(), player.body.size()); 
+            bot.GetNewPath(player.headLocation); 
         }
         controller = bot.GetInput(&player.headLocation); 
     }
@@ -163,9 +158,3 @@ namespace snakeplusplus
     }
     return;
 }
-    void GameEngine::UpdateAverage() {
-        totalLength += player.body.size();
-        amountPlayed += 1;
-        average = (double)totalLength / amountPlayed;
-    }
-}

src/gamestate.hpp

@@ -3,12 +3,11 @@
 #define GAMESTATE_HPP
 
 #include <SFML/Graphics.hpp>
+#include <memory>
 #include "botinterface.hpp"
 #include "snake.hpp"
 #include "playerinterface.hpp"
 
-namespace snakeplusplus
-{
 const int kUnitSpeed = 1;
 
 class GameEngine
@@ -17,28 +16,31 @@ namespace snakeplusplus
     GameEngine();
     void Start(void);
     void Reset(void);
-        void AddIteration(void);
     sf::Vector2f GetGameBoundaries(void);
+    struct GameState {
+        unsigned char m_bIsGameOver : 1 = 0;
+        unsigned char m_bIsBotControlled : 1 = 0;
+        unsigned char m_bNoDisplay : 1 = 0;
+        unsigned char _3 : 1 = 0;
+        unsigned char _4 : 1 = 0;
+        unsigned char _5 : 1 = 0;
+        unsigned char _6 : 1 = 0;
+        unsigned char _7 : 1 = 0;
+    } state;
+    std::vector< std::vector<GameSpace> > gameBoard;
 private:
-        std::vector< std::vector<char> > gameBoard;
     PlayerOutput graphics;
     Snake player;
     Food playerFood;
     AISnake bot;
-        bool isGameOver = 0;
-        bool isBotControlled = 1;
-        void DisplayEndScreen(void);
     void Loop(void);
     sf::Vector2f MovePlayer(void);
     void PlaceNewSnakePart(sf::Vector2f location);
     void RegenerateFood(void);
     void PrepareGameBoard(void);
     void UpdatePlayerSpeed();
-        void UpdateAverage();
-        int totalLength = 0;
-        int amountPlayed = 0;
-        double average = 0;
 };
-}
+
+inline std::unique_ptr<GameEngine> g_pEngine;
 
 #endif

src/main.cpp

@@ -1,8 +1,42 @@
 #include "gamestate.hpp"
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+#include <iostream>
 
-int main(void)
+void Help(void) {
-{
+    std::cout << "Usage: snakeplusplus [OPTIONS]" << std::endl;
-    snakeplusplus::GameEngine game;
+    std::cout << "Options:" << std::endl;
-    game.Start();
+    std::cout << "\t--server\tRun snake in server mode (also sets --bot)" << std::endl;
+    std::cout << "\t--auto\t\tControl snake using a bot or AI" << std::endl;
+    std::cout << "\t-h, --help\tPrint this help message and exit" << std::endl;
+    std::cout << std::endl;
+    std::cout << "Autoplay options (requires --auto):" << std::endl;
+    std::cout << "\t--dumb\t\tPlays using basic search algorithms BFS and DFS" << std::endl;
+    std::cout << "\t--smart\t\tTrains an algorithm using unsupervised learning" << std::endl;
+    std::cout << std::endl;
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
+    std::vector<std::string> args(argv, argv + argc);
+    g_pEngine = std::make_unique<GameEngine>();
+    for (int i = 1; i < args.size(); ++i) {
+        if (args[i].compare("--server") == 0) {
+            g_pEngine->state.m_bNoDisplay = true;
+            g_pEngine->state.m_bIsBotControlled = true;
+            std::cout << "[LOG - Main] Disabling display" << std::endl;
+        } else if (args[i].compare("--auto") == 0) {
+            g_pEngine->state.m_bIsBotControlled = true;
+            std::cout << "[LOG - Main] Bot control enabled" << std::endl;
+        } else if (args[i].compare("-h") == 0 || args[i].compare("--help") == 0) {
+            Help();
+            return 0;
+        } else {
+            std::cout << "[LOG - Main] Argument `" << args[i] << "` unrecognized, printing help and exiting..."<< std::endl;
+            Help();
+            return 1;
+        }
+    }
+    g_pEngine->Start();
     return 0;
 }

src/playerinterface.cpp

@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
 #include "playerinterface.hpp"
 #include <SFML/System/Vector2.hpp>
 #include <SFML/Window/Keyboard.hpp>
+#include <iostream>
 
-namespace snakeplusplus 
-{
 PlayerDirection GetPlayerInput(void)
 {
     if (sf::Keyboard::isKeyPressed(sf::Keyboard::Left) 
@@ -23,7 +22,7 @@ namespace snakeplusplus
 
 bool PlayerOutput::IsOpen(void)
 {
-        return gameWindow.isOpen();
+    return isWindowAlive;
 }
 
 PlayerOutput::PlayerOutput(void)
@@ -38,9 +37,8 @@ namespace snakeplusplus
     return;
 }
 
-    void PlayerOutput::CheckContinue(bool isBotControlled)
+void PlayerOutput::CheckContinue()
 {
-        if (isBotControlled) { return; }
     DisplayEndScreen();
     while (true)
     {
@@ -49,6 +47,7 @@ namespace snakeplusplus
                 || (sf::Keyboard::isKeyPressed(sf::Keyboard::Escape)))
         {
             gameWindow.close();
+            isWindowAlive = false;
             return;
         }
         if (sf::Keyboard::isKeyPressed(sf::Keyboard::Enter)) { return; }
@@ -84,7 +83,7 @@ namespace snakeplusplus
     
 }
 
-    void PlayerOutput::DisplayGameState(std::vector< std::vector<char> >& gameBoard, int score)
+void PlayerOutput::DisplayGameState(std::vector< std::vector<GameSpace> >& gameBoard, int score)
 {
     CheckWindowEvents();
     if (delay == sf::milliseconds(0)) { return; }
@@ -93,19 +92,12 @@ namespace snakeplusplus
     {
         for (float x = 0; x < gameBoundaries.x; x++)
         {
-                letterOnBoard = &gameBoard.at(y).at(x);
+            if (gameBoard.at(y).at(x).m_bSnake)
-                switch (*letterOnBoard)
-                {
-                    case 'O':
                     DrawSnake(sf::Vector2f(x, y));
-                        break;
+            else if (gameBoard.at(y).at(x).m_bFood)
-                    case 'X':
                     DrawFood(sf::Vector2f(x,y));
-                        break;
+            else
-                    default:
                     DrawEmpty(sf::Vector2f(x,y));
-                        break;
-                }
         }
     }
     DisplayScore(score);
@@ -122,7 +114,7 @@ namespace snakeplusplus
 }
 
 void PlayerOutput::SetShowGame(bool isShowing) {
-        if (isShowing) { delay = sf::milliseconds(2); }
+    if (isShowing) { delay = sf::milliseconds(5); }
     else { delay = sf::milliseconds(0); }
     return;
 }
@@ -132,8 +124,10 @@ namespace snakeplusplus
     while (gameWindow.pollEvent(event))
     {
         if ((event.type == sf::Event::Closed)
-                    || (sf::Keyboard::isKeyPressed(sf::Keyboard::Escape)))
+                || (sf::Keyboard::isKeyPressed(sf::Keyboard::Escape))) {
             gameWindow.close();
+            isWindowAlive = false;
+        }
         if (sf::Keyboard::isKeyPressed(sf::Keyboard::Equal)) { 
             if (delay > sf::milliseconds(16)) { continue; }
             delay += sf::milliseconds(1);
@@ -171,4 +165,3 @@ namespace snakeplusplus
     gameWindow.draw(drawObject);
     return;
 }
-}

src/playerinterface.hpp

@@ -6,8 +6,6 @@
 
 const int kGridSize = 25;
 
-namespace snakeplusplus
-{
 PlayerDirection GetPlayerInput(void);
 
 class PlayerOutput 
@@ -16,8 +14,8 @@ namespace snakeplusplus
     sf::Vector2f gameBoundaries;
     PlayerOutput(void);
     bool IsOpen(void);
-        void CheckContinue(bool isBotControlled);
+    void CheckContinue();
-        void DisplayGameState(std::vector< std::vector<char> >& gameBoard, int score);
+    void DisplayGameState(std::vector< std::vector<GameSpace> >& gameBoard, int score);
     void DisplayScore(int score);
     void StartGameWindow(void);
     void SetShowGame(bool isShowing);
@@ -31,9 +29,8 @@ namespace snakeplusplus
     sf::VideoMode gameVideoSettings;
     sf::RectangleShape drawObject;
     sf::Event event;
-        bool isWindowAlive;
+    bool isWindowAlive = false;
-        sf::Time delay = sf::milliseconds(1);
+    sf::Time delay = sf::milliseconds(12);
 };
-}
 
 #endif

src/snake.cpp

@@ -4,11 +4,9 @@
 #include "common.hpp"
 #include "snake.hpp"
 
-namespace snakeplusplus
-{
 void Snake::Pop(void)
 {
-        *(body.front()) = ' ';
+    body.front()->m_bSnake = false;
     body.pop();
     return;
 }
@@ -28,4 +26,3 @@ namespace snakeplusplus
     location.y = GenerateRandomNumber(boundaries.y);
     return;
 }
-}

src/snake.hpp

@@ -4,15 +4,14 @@
 
 #include <SFML/System/Vector2.hpp>
 #include <queue>
+#include "common.hpp"
 
-namespace snakeplusplus
-{
 struct Snake
 {
 public:
     sf::Vector2f headLocation;
     sf::Vector2f speed;
-        std::queue<char*> body;
+    std::queue<GameSpace*> body;
     void Pop(void);
     void Reset(void);
 };
@@ -21,9 +20,7 @@ namespace snakeplusplus
 {
 public:
     sf::Vector2f location;
-        char* food;
     void GenerateNewFood(sf::Vector2f boundaries);
 };
-}
 
 #endif